Low-orbit satellite communication systems (LowSCS) are successfully used to organize stable communication in Northern latitudes. With the help of theLowSCS, effective management and monitoring of the process of production and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials is provided. This approach allows us to ensure minimal costs for the extraction and delivery of oil and gas from fields located on the shelf of the Arctic Ocean. As the number of countries engaged in the development of Arctic Ocean deposits increases, so does the number of LowSCS groupings. To prevent the possibility of interception and imposition of a delayed command to control the intruder satellite, it is necessary to increase the information secrecy of the LowSCS with the help of "friend-foe" identification systems for the spacecraft. At the same time, to ensure high imitability in such systems, it is proposed to use zero-knowledge authentication protocols. To increase their efficiency, the article suggests using the codes of residual number system (RNS). The novelty of this idea is that the use of parallel SOC codes will reduce the time spent on performing arithmetic operations implemented in authentication protocols. And this, in turn, will lead to an increase in the information secrecy of the NSSS, so the probability of selecting the correct response signal by the intruder satellite decreases. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to develop authentication protocols for low-orbit spacecraft based on parallel codes of residual class systems, the use of which will reduce the time for satellite identification.
Keywords: satellite identification system, zero-knowledge authentication protocols, residue number system
Ensuring the reliability of oil and gas pipelines laid in zones with increased seismicity, namely, the choice of design and technology for the construction of pipelines, is a topic of current and requiring serious study. The article considers methods of laying underground pipeline in seismic areas, provides analysis of proposed structures and construction technologies. To minimize the identified shortcomings, the authors proposed a structural diagram of a pipeline built by the microtonneling method, which will ensure the stability of the structure to seismic loads and reduce construction and operation costs.
Keywords: underground oil and gas pipeline, seismic impact, reliability, microtonneling, construction technology, structural diagrams, compensating element
Creep is a slow plastic (irreversible) deformation of a product under the action of stress created in the material. This article discusses the creep of polymer products. The creep of a material is characterized by the experimental dependence of the deformation resulting from a fixed load on time.
Keywords: material deformation, elastic deformation, highly elastic deformation, polymers, viscous deformation, plastic deformation
Geotechnical input to the design, construction, and operations of pipelines in permafrost may differ significantly from that for pipelines in temperate terrain. The general remoteness and terrain fragility of permafrost regions are key issues that challenge the geotechnical input. Specific geotechnical issues that necessitate input include pipeline routing, slope stability, thaw settlement and frost heave, ditching, buoyancy control, upheaval buckling. and others. It is necessary to develop and implement new technological solutions, taking into account long-term forecasts of the temperature conditions of the soil bases, which should be able to prevent or compensate for the negative impact of heat for all pipelines laid in permafrost conditions.
Keywords: gas and oil pipeline, permafrost, seasonally frozen soil, innovative technologies geosell, geosynthetic, modeling
The work is based on the results of a survey conducted among students of Grozny and Rostov-on-Don at the end of 20219. The cognitive component was measured by a test method, using 11 primary features. According to them, an integral indicator of the cognitive perception of friendship for each respondent was calculated using a modified method of analyzing hierarchies. The affective component of student attitudes towards friendship was determined by the semantic differential technology Ch. Osgood, using a special semantic scale with 20 bimodal features. Based on the results obtained, the individual level of emotional perception of friendship was calculated within the framework of the previously developed phenomenological semantic model. Statistical analysis of the obtained indicators of cognitive and affective perception showed that both in general for the study groups and for the general population, the correlation coefficients are small. For Rostov, about 0.17, for Grozny-0.273, and for the total population of respondents for these two cities-0.243.The scattering of experimental data is close to isotropic. All this indicates the statistical independence of these two components of attitudes in general for the studied samples. This confirms both the generally accepted opinion and the previously obtained results (for several thousand respondents) when studying other social attitudes. However, for certain subgroups of the studied audience, the statistical relationship between these two parameters is more significant. Thus, approximately 1/3 of the respondents, both in Rostov and Grozny, indicated a higher level of emotional perception, compared to cognitive. For these subgroups, the correlation coefficient for Rostov is 0.8, for Grozny-0.87, and for the two cities in total – 0.79. For the remaining 2/3 of the respondents (they are characterized by a higher level of cognitive perception compared to emotional perception), the correlation coefficients are slightly lower, but still exceed the results obtained without dividing into subgroups. For students of Rostov-on-Don-0.5, Grozny-0.44, and for the two cities in total-0.46. The revealed statistical relationship between the studied components of attitudes is associated with the influence on the formation of these components of the psychological type of respondents. And the subgroups we have identified differ precisely in their psychological type. But this hypothesis requires further testing.
Keywords: friendship, attitudes, cognitive component, test method, affective component, semantic differential technology, statistical analysis, correlation, subgroups, statistical relationship
The possibility of using nonlinear effects in hydroacoustic systems with parametric radiation mode for profiling the bottom and bottom sediments attracts the attention of both domestic and foreign specialists. The use of parametric antennas in hydroacoustic equipment allows, due to their high directivity and low side field level, to increase the information content and accuracy in detecting and determining the coordinates of underwater objects, and to obtain additional features for recognition. The efficiency of using a parametric profiler for solving problems that require high resolution is justified. A block diagram of a parametric profiler for studying the layered structure is developed. The features of the signal generator and the amplification unit are considered. The characteristics of the radiating antenna were measured under laboratory conditions. It is shown that the directivity characteristic is constant in the operating frequency range and the acoustic power at the output makes it possible to solve the tasks of sounding up to 10 m into the ground. A record of the soil profile was obtained, confirming the operability of the system. In the future, the results will be used in full-scale conditions with the use of cepstral echo processing.
Keywords: profilograph, parametric antenna, kepstr, block diagram, signal generator, power amplifier, directional pattern, amplitude-frequency response, pump antenna, ground profile
The work is based on the results of a survey conducted among students of Grozny and Rostov-on-Don at the end of 20219. The cognitive component was measured by a test method, using 11 primary features. According to them, an integral indicator of the cognitive perception of friendship for each respondent was calculated using a modified method of analyzing hierarchies. The affective component of student attitudes towards friendship was determined by the semantic differential technology Ch. Osgood, using a special semantic scale with 20 bimodal features. Based on the results obtained, the individual level of emotional perception of friendship was calculated within the framework of the previously developed phenomenological semantic model. Statistical analysis of the obtained indicators of cognitive and affective perception showed that both in general for the study groups and for the general population, the correlation coefficients are small. For Rostov, about 0.17, for Grozny-0.273, and for the total population of respondents for these two cities-0.243.The scattering of experimental data is close to isotropic. All this indicates the statistical independence of these two components of attitudes in general for the studied samples. This confirms both the generally accepted opinion and the previously obtained results (for several thousand respondents) when studying other social attitudes. However, for certain subgroups of the studied audience, the statistical relationship between these two parameters is more significant. Thus, approximately 1/3 of the respondents, both in Rostov and Grozny, indicated a higher level of emotional perception, compared to cognitive. For these subgroups, the correlation coefficient for Rostov is 0.8, for Grozny-0.87, and for the two cities in total – 0.79. For the remaining 2/3 of the respondents (they are characterized by a higher level of cognitive perception compared to emotional perception), the correlation coefficients are slightly lower, but still exceed the results obtained without dividing into subgroups. For students of Rostov-on-Don-0.5, Grozny-0.44, and for the two cities in total-0.46. The revealed statistical relationship between the studied components of attitudes is associated with the influence on the formation of these components of the psychological type of respondents. And the subgroups we have identified differ precisely in their psychological type. But this hypothesis requires further testing.
Keywords: friendship, attitudes, cognitive component, test method, affective component, semantic differential technology, statistical analysis, correlation, subgroups, statistical relationship
The article presents the results of the analysis of the modern market for the production of precast concrete products and existing technologies for their production, as well as a description of the possible method of modernization of the technological line and the production process. The main goal of the modernization is to eliminate vibrating stations and the use of self-compacting concrete mixes from the production line, which significantly increases the plant's productivity, increases the service life of molds, reduces the production time of the product and reduces financial costs.
Keywords: high-functional concrete, self-compacting concrete, production modernization, road slab, production of reinforced concrete products, conveyor production technology
The article discusses the features of granular formation of activated sludge, operating according to the modified DEAMOX technology with nitrification, incomplete denitrification and anammox. Reverse denitrification and anammox are implemented in the same volume of the bioreactor under anoxic-anaerobic conditions with a vertical flow of the sludge mixture. Anammox biomass mainly developed on stationary feed material, while the heterotrophic denitrifying activated sludge showed the ability to granulate up to 20 mm nominal diameter. The article discusses the effect of various temperature conditions on the size and stability of granules.
Keywords: nitrification, denitrification, activated sludge, aeration tank, anammox, biological treatment, domestic wastewater, low-oxygen treatment method, energy saving, resource saving, ecology
The use of a separate receiving antenna at different frequencies in parametric acoustic systems is associated with the irreversibility of nonlinear processes underlying its principle of operation. The paper considers the results of experimental and theoretical studies to assess the influence of external elements on the amplitude-frequency response of a piezoceramic acoustic antenna. The structural scheme of the experimental setup is considered. It is shown that parallel connection of an external inductance to a piezoelectric element allows shifting the antiresonance frequency of an acoustic antenna, which leads to an increase in both the signal amplitude at the antenna output and an increase in the complex resistance module at the operating frequency.
Keywords: acoustic antenna, the sensitivity of the receiving antenna, the amplitude-frequency characteristic, the modulus of the complex resistance
The results of the development of a set of indicators for the quality of construction products on the example of a reinforced concrete pile are presented. The analysis of the requirements of regulatory documentation for the evaluation of aesthetic indicators of the product is carried out. A solution to the dispute between the Supplier and the Customer on the issue of assessing the quality of the concrete surface is proposed.
Keywords: quality management, improving competitiveness, consumer requirements, quality indicators, technical level, aesthetic indicators, construction
The article presents an analysis of project management in terms of the construction industry. The specific features of the management of production activities of construction enterprises have been studied and the effectiveness of this management has been determined. The main problems in the field of project management of construction activities are identified, the main of which is the absence in Russian legislation of a single normative act regulating the development and implementation of a project only in the construction sector. The project management methodology was also considered, using the example of the American methods PMBOK and PRINCE2. The authors analyzed the statistical data of domestic companies involved in the development and management of projects in various industries. The results of the study showed that Russian construction companies are not actively involved in project management compared to organizations in other areas of activity.
Keywords: project management, construction companies, project management methodology, production activities, legislation, monitoring
One of the current tasks of operation of the linear part of the main pipelines is an adequate assessment of the degree of risk of pipe defects. There are several approaches to its solution and a set of calculation methods that take into account the specifics of the operation of main oil and gas pipelines. One of the main performance criteria of pipelines is their durability. The article describes a developed software product that allows you to automate the calculation of the maximum service life of a pipeline with a defect according to the chosen method.
Keywords: main pipelines, reliability, defects, strength, durability, program, calculation method, service life
The use of adhesive joints for reinforcing elements of steel structures is discussed. Adhesive joints provide the least costly way of joining elements of any material without disturbing their structure. Of particular interest is the reinforcement of structures in stretched zones using high-strength fibers such as glass and carbon fibers, as well as polymers reinforced with them. The main problem in this case lies in the peculiarities of the distribution of shear forces along the length of the adhesive layer. The article discusses a way to solve this issue.
Keywords: adhesive bond, adhesive layer, shear strength, analytical solution, finite element method, high strength fiber, carbon fiber, glass fiber
In this paper, we consider a modification of the algorithm and software implementation of the prototype of a discrete-rotary slicer for preparing 3D printing on multi-axis printers, which allows you to prepare printing for a larger number of types of product models compared to the original algorithm and software prototype. An approach is proposed that provides for the choice of one of several secant planes at certain steps of constructing a layer-by-layer model. The software prototype was refactored. The results of the prototype work are presented, showing the efficiency of the proposed approach. Original protoptype is more constrained with the model types it can process compared to proposed one. Though further investigation of the proposed approach have to be done as well as introduction of parallel implementation of different sectant planes processing.
Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production