Designing foundations and foundations for buildings and structures of high-rise complexes is a complex engineering task. Modern architectural concepts and constructive solutions should be based on geotechnical justification at the stage of developing the architectural design of the project. Huge loads from above-ground structural elements of high-rise buildings and the high cost of measures for the installation of underground structures create their own characteristics in the design of foundations. In this paper, we study the problem of choosing the type of foundation for a high-rise building from the point of view of technical and economic rationality based on studying the experience of designing complex multifunctional complexes in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The authors believe that the choice of a constructive solution for the foundation of a high-rise complex is influenced by both geological factors and socio-economic ones. The result of this study is the grouping and systematization of the geotechnical factors of the building area and the economic factors of the urban environment that directly or indirectly affect the construction projects of high-rise complexes.

Keywords: high-rise complexes, slab and pile foundations, combined foundation, RIT-piles, geotechnical calculation, geotechnical monitoring, geotechnical factors, socio-economic factors, rational choice

The article deals with the analysis of the formation of a public center in military camps, including the analysis of towns in various military districts, as well as the estimated number of military camps.

Keywords: military camps, standard building projects, public buildings, numbers, cooperation

The paper proposes a method for automatic classification of roads based on the use of a convolutional neural network Mask-R-CNN. The developed technique makes it possible to automate the task of categorizing roads, which is fundamental in the redistribution of traffic flows, since knowledge of the category of the road allows you to determine its maximum capacity. The article contains a description of the stages of training a neural network, as well as the results obtained when using it. The method of automatic road classification proposed in the paper showed good results both in classifying roads based on satellite images and in classifying roads based on photographs of road sections. When expanding the test set, the number of classes of recognized roads can be increased to match the categories of roads according to SP 34.13330.2021. In addition, this technique (in terms of segmenting objects in photographs) can be used to control the quality of the roadway.

Keywords: road categories, convolutional neural networks, satellite imagery, image segmentation, Mask R-CNN, image recognition, computer vision

As a result of processing the experimental data of the authors and other researchers, a relationship was obtained between the adhesion strength of the Acc with a concrete base and the axial tensile strength Rt of solutions without RPP Acc = 0.23ˑRt at R2 = 0.996. A tendency to increase the adhesion strength to 30% with an increase in the dosage of RPP to 2% and up to 130% with the dosage of RPP 3%, while a significant effect on the adhesion strength of the type of cement and RPP has been established. The data on the role of the age of the concrete base and its treatment before applying a repair (restoring) mortar or concrete mixture on the adhesion strength are given. The dependence of the elastic modulus of mortar or fine-grained concrete on the axial tensile strength, invariant to prescription factors, is obtained. The discrepancy of some standards in terms of the requirements for the base during tests for adhesion strength was noted.

Keywords: dry building mixes, adhesion strength, modulus of elasticity, redispersible polymer powders, repair mixes

Society has always paid great attention to the problem of human behavior that does not comply with established social and generally accepted norms. Recently, interest in the problem of deviations in human behavior has increased significantly. Today, the study of deviant behavior is an interdisciplinary problem that is being solved within the framework of various scientific disciplines. Recognition of anomalies in human behavior is a complex and currently undisclosed research problem. In the process of identifying behavioral anomalies, the recognition of emotions by various signs plays a leading role. In order to increase the accuracy of the results, it makes sense to perform a comprehensive assessment of emotions on several signs at once, such as facial expression, posture, vocal signs (intonation, speech speed, etc.). The article presents existing algorithms and methods for recognizing emotions. The rationale for the choice of software product development tools is given. The functional requirements for the application are presented in the form of a diagram of use cases in UML 2.0 notation. The architecture of an Android application for recognizing anomalies in human behavior in the form of diagrams of components and classes of the conceptual level is shown. Prototypes of the user interface are demonstrated.

Keywords: abnormal behavior, algorithms and methods of emotion recognition, software architecture, functional requirements, user interface

The article presents studies of the monument of the Middle Ages of the VII- VIII centuries the fortress of Khashupse (Abkhazia), the features of its planning organization. The scientific novelty of the article is that a detailed study of the Hashupse fortress is being conducted for the first time.

Keywords: fortifications, planning organizations,medieval architecture of Abkhazia, fortress

The operating conditions of polycrystalline dielectrics in external mechanical and electric fields make it relevant to study the properties of such materials and their resistance to extreme loads, which depends on the processes of polarization reversal and the dynamics of the domain structure. Based on the model of motion of domain walls and the rheological model, equations are obtained for the dependence of polarization on the applied mechanical, electrical, or simultaneous electromechanical load. It is shown that the nonlinearity of the current in the ferroelectric ceramic is due to the dependence of the coefficients of the model on the through conduction current and the current associated with the emission of charges from traps. The physical meaning of the coefficients makes it possible to use their well-known dependences on the electric field and external mechanical stresses both in the range of the linear piezoelectric effect and in the region of external loads, when linearity ceases to exist. The obtained coefficients make it possible to pass from polarization (macroscopic parameter) to domain walls (mesoscopic scale). The parameters of the model depend on the change in the domain structure and its interaction with defects; therefore, the current relaxation time in the ferroceramic is described by changing the corresponding times for 180°-domains and non-180°-domains. The model considers two polarization components: elastic and irreversible. Changes in polarization after the external action of the electric field can be explained by the movement of domain and interphase boundaries. When a critical mechanical load is applied, the domain boundaries are detached from the defects and the crack grows abruptly, and as a result, destruction occurs. The relaxation motion of domain walls with constant friction leads to the growth of cracks due to the creation of mechanical stresses. The chosen rheological model and approach, taking into account the mechanisms of motion of domain walls, will make it possible to describe the rate of polarization change using the behavior of defects (dislocations, domain walls). The model will allow from a unified point of view to describe the experimental patterns of the behavior of currents under electromechanical action.

Keywords: ferroelectric ceramics, computer simulation, rheological model, polarization current, polarization current density, domain wall, 1800-domains, not 1800-domains, mechanical load, electrical load, relaxation time

Due to the increasing pace of construction and overhaul of roads, there is a need to introduce more economical and efficient technologies. One of such technologies is soil stabilization. Based on the study of various scientific literature and project documentation, typical soils of the foundation and roadbed of the Kirov region have been established, and their features have been identified. During the study of the soils of the region, several dangerous geological processes were discovered that affect the operation and construction of roads. The article analyzes various methods and techniques of stabilization of heaving soils, as well as possible design solutions for the construction of a layer of modified soil. In addition, the mechanisms by which stabilization is carried out and cases of their application were given. In the course of the study, the main types of stabilizing additives, their features and principle of operation were considered. In order to identify the degree of influence of various binders on the technological sequence of construction, variants of schemes for the production of work on soil reinforcement are presented, depending on their types. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the stabilization technology is one of the most modern, efficient and cost-effective and provides various advantages in comparison with other alternative methods of strengthening of heaving soils. The relevance of this method for the Kirov region is also proved.

Keywords: road, construction, technology, stabilization, soils, additives, recycler, binders, soil cement, heaving, strengthening

Technical and economic peculiarities of construction and exploitation of these unique buildings should be considered during the project. One of the peculiarities are the ability to save city´s space, to be main architectures of the city. The most important organizational economic targets of a diversification of management are presented by innovative activity of the industrial enterprise.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The article discusses the basic principles of information modeling of building systems that underlie BIM technology, and emphasizes the importance of their interaction, since the correctness and efficiency of the BIM process depends on this. The traditional and some basic curves characteristic of the life cycle of goods (products), which have found application in marketing theory, is given. It is noted that each stage of the life cycle of a construction object requires in-depth study and detailed study, since the analysis of scientific publications and the current regulatory document on information modeling revealed their contradiction to each other in some positions.

Keywords: information modeling, principles, life cycle curves, capital construction object, normative document.

The construction of public buildings from a metal frame is always associated with the search for a rational constructive solution that meets not only the dependability requirements, safety, but also architectural and design solutions. Often, the solution to the problem of rationalization of roof construction in public buildings is the use of arched combined systems, since such systems have a number of advantages over simple arches: the survivability of combined systems is higher than simple ones, the possibility of creating complex, architecturally expressive spatial structures, lower material consumption, high load-carrying ability with relatively low weight, etc. The aim of the research is to find a rational construction solution for two arch-cable systems (Hud type system and Radial type system) by comparing in terms of the minimum internal forces, displacements and metal intensity at different ratios of the arch boom and span. Based on the calculation results in the Lira SAPR 2020 software, the most unfavorable loads combinations were determined, deformation schemes of arch systems, displacements, moments and forces were obtained, sections of arches and ties were selected. From ten arched structures of two types considered with different ratios of arch boom to span, the Hub type system with the ratio of arch boom to span f/L = 1/3 and Radial type system with the ratio of boom to span f/L = 1/4 showed the best result in terms of efficient operation and metal intensity.

Keywords: combined systems, arch-cable constructions, simulation of prestress, hub type s

The article considers the relevance of the use of nanomodified concrete in construction. The compositions of the studied mixtures are given, as well as the methods of their preparation using ultrasonic dispersion, the results of the experiment on the destructive effect of standard samples of beams are obtained. The conclusions of the obtained experimental data are presented.

Keywords: concrete, foam concrete, carbon nanotubes, superplasticizer, dispersion

The problem of removal of combustion products during the reconstruction of existing boiler houses is considered. The issue of determining pressure losses due to friction in steel and brick gas ducts when performing an aerodynamic calculation of gas ducts from gas-fired boilers is considered. Nomograms have been developed that make it possible to determine the specific pressure loss depending on the volume of flue gases and the diameter of the gas ducts.

Keywords: reconstruction, boiler units, aerodynamic calculation, friction pressure losses, gas ducts

To improve the quality of bearing rings, modern production strives to apply new modern methods for detecting defects based on the causes of their occurrence, as well as to introduce quality control systems by creating specialized software. An accurate assessment of the dynamic properties of bearings is very important for machines and helps to avoid serious mechanical damage. As part of the experiments, the main control methods were considered and the most effective one was established - eddy current control, which has a number of advantages compared to others. To prevent the occurrence of defective products in the control system, the fractal dimension method was considered and a neural network was built to solve the tasks of diagnosing.

Keywords: defect diagnosis, bearings, neural networks, automated control, fractal dimension, SVD filtering, Matlab software, monitoring system.

The author carried out the development of the measuring unit of the intellectual system for the protection of the territory. Based on the review of devices of a similar purpose, a block diagram of the device was developed. A functional diagram of the developed device based on the block diagram has been developed and described. The description of the computer experiment on modeling the operation of the input block of the circuit in Micro-Cap, its results and analysis is given.

Keywords: measuring unit, intelligent system, modeling, vibration, triboelectric sensor