The ecology of modern megacities is one of the most relevant and acute topics of our time. Rapid growth of cities, increase in the urban population and development of industry have led to significant changes in the environment. This article examines the main environmental problems of modern megacities, factors affecting the ecology of urban areas. An analysis of the influence of solar radiation on the formation of the microclimate and ecology of the air basin of cities is carried out. The conditions for the occurrence of air flows of thermal origin, which contribute to the improvement of the aeration regime of urban areas, are studied.

Keywords: ecology, urban area, air exchange, convective flows, insolation, aeration regime, dense development, solar radiation, air basin, microclimate, heat island

The transformation of the natural environment will force humanity to look for a new look at the problems of architecture and urban design. Nowadays, the construction of passive houses is a standard, and green roofs are included in the design of modern cities. Therefore, the urban cluster will gradually transform into sustainable bionic systems that will protect nature and stop further degradation and exploitation of public green spaces.

Keywords: bioarchitecture, external environment, architecture, landscape

The article is devoted to topical problems of modern construction - creating a comfortable environment for people in the premises and in the areas of construction by studying and researching the heat-wind processes in the city canyon. Particular attention should be paid to the role of insolation in the formation of the heat-wind regime of the canyon space, which is the determining factor of the thermal regime of the buildings and the building area.

Keywords: urban canyon, insolation, buildings, solar radiation, heat balance, radiation balance